![]() ![]() Studies based on whole-genome and targeted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-sequencing technologies have shown that the AR genes are the most frequently rearranged genes in CRPC tumors, which promote the expression of AR-variants genes. Most studies have focused on androgen receptor (AR)-dependent mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in the development of CRPC are complex ( 5). ![]() However, despite a median of 18–24 months of treatment, most patients will experience cancer progression into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) ( 2- 4). Androgen deprivation therapy is a systemic basic therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer, and the basis of novel combination therapy. In men, it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in 112 countries in 2020 ( 1). Prostate cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers globally and poses a great threat to human health. Keywords: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) glucocorticoids glucocorticoid receptor (GR) clinical trials The efficacy of prednisone and dexamethasone is similar. Most clinical trials have focused on the use of prednisone in the last 5 years. Comparisons of the PSA response rate and the median time to PSA progression revealed that the efficacy of the 2 hormones is similar however, further research on the effect of steroid hormone in CRPC is still required.Ĭonclusions: Various GR isoforms may play an important part in the development of CRPC, whose mechanism remains unclear. Based on the collected data, prednisone appears to be the most widely used steroid hormone, followed by dexamethasone. The use of glucocorticoids during treatments of CRPC follows the guidelines (e.g., NCCN Guidelines ®, guidelines of CSCO, etc.). Clinical trials in the past 5 years have focused on the efficacy of drugs regarding CRPC. In recent years, researchers have pointed out that GRs may be involved in the development of CRPC via genomic and non-genomic effects. Key Content and Findings: The molecular structures and applications of the isoforms of GR have been intensively researched in the past 60 years. At least one primary or secondary outcome according to studies should be included. The focus was on the timeframe from 2017 to 2022. ![]() An updated literature search was performed from the ClinicalTrials database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials database. Methods: We summarized the isoforms of GRs and the mechanisms involved in CRPC. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of GRs in CRPC and the clinical application of glucocorticoids based on the present evidence. Many studies have shown that glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are involved in the establishment of a dominant population of androgen-independent malignant cells, which may result in CRPC. However, glucocorticoids have been reported to have the opposite effects within the course of treatment. Interviews with Outstanding Guest Editorsīackground and Objective: Glucocorticoids, secreted from the adrenal gland, are commonly used in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) because of their anti-inflammatory and anti-toxic effects.Policy of Dealing with Allegations of Research Misconduct.Policy of Screening for Plagiarism Process. ![]()
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